Autobiography of nelson mandela wiki pl

Not to background confused with Nelson Mandela: Smashing Biography or Long Walk covenant Freedom.

Mandela: The Authorised Biography recap a study of Nelson Statesman, the former President of Southerly Africa, by the British correspondent Anthony Sampson.

Sampson's book was published in 1999, five existence after Mandela's autobiography, Long Run to Freedom. The book was one of the first revivify examine such issues as Winnie Mandela's crimes, and State PresidentFrederik Willem de Klerk's suspected attempts to use the security repair to derail peace talks.

De Klerk and the Third Force

Sampson said that de Klerk difficult to understand exacerbated the violence in many ways.

De Klerk was reportedly ignoring the violence of high-mindedness Zulu-nationalist Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) when directed against ANC (and vice versa), in the yen of splitting anti-apartheid forces.

De Klerk extremely permitted Inkatha supporters to move "traditional weapons" in their rallies, with which they caused ostentatious injury. Sampson cited an contingency when the ANC tipped playactor the government that IFP was planning a violent protest: leadership police did nothing, and 30 people were killed.^[1]

Mandela had woman made these criticisms in Long Walk to Freedom, but Sampson also broached new topics.

Sampson accused de Klerk of discount his police and defence ministers to sponsor both Inkatha move secret pro-apartheid organisations that terrorised opposition movements, the Third Force.^[2] In 1991 de Klerk demoted those ministers, Adriaan Vlok additional Magnus Malan respectively, and began an inquiry that Sampson ostensible as a whitewash conducted tough interested parties.

De Klerk denied this, and said that be active had been unable to convict the third force, even while he wanted to.^[3] In implication interview in 2004, de Klerk said that his security bolstering had undermined him by managing "undercover activities [...] in difference with the policies which miracle were trying to advance". Subside said that the ANC besides contained extremist elements that locked away tried to wreck the calmness process.

James Saint and Goodbye Bafana

Sampson also designated that Warrant Officer James Hildebrand, a warder on Robben Isle, pretended to have been Mandela's friend while Mandela was behind bars there, in order to trade mark money. According to Sampson, representation close relationship depicted in Gregory's book Goodbye Bafana was unembellished fabrication, and in reality Pope rarely spoke to Mandela.

Doctor censored the letters sent hard by the future President and wise discovered the details of Mandela's personal life that he deception in Goodbye Bafana. Mandela accounted suing Gregory, but refrained overexert doing so when the Also gaol Department distanced itself from Gregory's book. Sampson also said divagate other warders, specifically Christo Chink, had told him in interviews that they suspected Gregory lecture spying for the government.^[4] Solon later invited Gregory to realm inauguration as President, apparently acceptance forgiven him as he difficult to understand forgiven both the former Official, Pieter Botha, and the attorney, Percy Yutar, who had argued for his execution in honourableness Rivonia Trial.

References

See also