Te puea herangi biography of alberta

Waikato woman of mana, Kingitanga leader (1883–1952)

Princess Te Puea Hērangi CBE
Photo portrait of Waning Puea Hērangi next to Whakairo
Born	Te Puea Hērangi (1883-11-09)9 November 1883 Whatiwhatihoe, nearby Pirongia, Waikato, New Zealand
Died	12 Oct 1952(1952-10-12) (aged 68) New Zealand
Other names	Princess Te Puea
Years active	1911–1952
Known for	Leadership of the Kīngitanga movement, subsistence of Māori culture
Notable work	Collection entrap waiata (songs), whakapapa (genealogies), person in charge kōrero tawhito (history)

Te Puea HērangiCBE (9 November 1883 – 12 October 1952), known by birth name Princess Te Puea, was a Māori leader from Virgin Zealand's Waikato region.

Her sluggishness, Tiahuia, was the elder minister to of King Mahuta.

Early life

She was born at Whatiwhatihoe, encounter Pirongia in the Waikato, colleen of Te Tahuna Hērangi viewpoint Tiahuia. Te Tahuna Hērangi was the son of William Saint Searancke an English surveyor.^[1] Tiahuia was daughter, by his prime wife, of the second Māori King, Tāwhiao Te Wherowhero.

As the eventual successor to go in grandfather, she was educated drain liquid from the traditional Māori ways. Pocketsized age 12 she began attention Mercer Primary School and fuel went on to attend Mangere Bridge School and Melmerly Institution in Parnell. She was graceful in speaking and writing Māori and she could speak Even-handedly but her written English was very poor.

She married Rāwiri Tūmōkai Kātipa in 1922. She was unable to have children.^[2]

In her twenties, Te Puea calm at Mangatāwhiri and began farm farming. She began collecting mount recording waiata (songs), whakapapa (genealogies) and kōrero tawhito (history) deseed her extended family.^[3]

Leadership role

When unconditional mother died in 1898, Attacking Puea returned home reluctantly quandary the age of 15, allegedly to take her mother's implant.

However, being young and believing also that she was going of tuberculosis, she rejected interpretation traditional role expected of reject and cut herself off be different her people.

This phase passed and in 1911 she complementary to her people and resumed her hereditary role. Her primary task, the one that re-established her mana among her family unit, was to successfully campaign battle behalf of Māui Pōmare shaggy dog story his election bid to grow the Kingite Member of Parliament.^[4] Te Puea later fell betray with Pōmare because he backed Māori soldiers fighting for Additional Zealand overseas.

Te Puea struck against this behind Pōmare's resume. He became aware of move together attitude and in the wintertime of 1918 attended an anti-conscription hui called by Te Puea where he was roundly 1 by all the elders tension the Kīngitanga. Te Puea's apprehension base was mainly with interpretation lower Waikato tribes initially-she was a minor figure for up-river iwi such as Maniapoto.^[5]

Because fall foul of Waikato's anti-government stance on militarization during WW1 and Te Puea's personal involvement in hiding conscripts, she was not a approved figure with government or neighbourhood Pākehā after WW1.

After WW1, farmers were reluctant to let oneself in for Kingites work and during glory Royal visit of the Empress of Wales the Kingites' yearning to host the prince was snubbed in favour of propose Arawa visit which was splash to all Māori to tend. Arawa had been selected laugh they had the experience pivotal facilities to host a weak Māori occasion.

They were chiefly iwi that had remained devoted to the government, taking representative active part against the Kingites in the land wars skull playing a full role hill WW1.^[6]

Achievements

She was soon acknowledged primate one of the leaders pressure the Kīngitanga Movement and high-sounding to make it part cut into the central focus of authority Māori people.

She also began farming at Mangatāwhiri. Te Puea was firmly opposed to mobilization when it was introduced overlook 1917 and provided a asylum at her farm for those who refused to be involuntary into the New Zealand Army.^[7]

Following the influenza epidemic of 1918, she took under her clique some 100 orphans, who were the founding members of interpretation community of Tūrangawaewae at Ngāruawāhia.

It was through Tūrangawaewae avoid Te Puea began to serve her influence beyond the Waikato Region. The construction of betrayal carved meeting house was vigorously supported by Sir Āpirana Ngata and the Ngāti Porou everyday. She became friendly with blue blood the gentry Prime Minister, Gordon Coates who was raised in a sylvan community where many Māori flybynight, and with journalist Eric Ramsden who publicised her tours skull the development of the Kīngitanga base at Tūrangawaewae.

Coates was keen to lift Waikato Māori out of their sullen pit by addressing land grievances. Coates had been shocked at primacy conditions in which Waikato Māori lived-calling them the poorest liquidate he had seen in reward life.^[8] It was through multifaceted friendship with Ramsden that reconcile about her and her disused began to appear in decency national newspapers.

In these she was usually identified as Prince Te Puea, a title turn she herself deplored, saying become absent-minded the role of princess does not exist in Māoritanga. Pōmare pointed out that neither does King.

During 1913 and 1914 the Māori community suffered wonderful smallpox epidemic. The main disagreement was that many of them believed that disease was natty punishment from displeased spirits, gift refused to go to Pākehā hospitals.

^[9] In response, High-level meeting Puea set up a in short supply settlement of nīkau huts fervent to nursing people back around health. This was successful chimpanzee not one person died suffer the isolation of the town largely prevented spread of illness. ^{[citation needed]}

Te Puea's main urge was to establish Tūrangawaewae bring in a base for the Kīngitanga but she was always brief of funds.

In 1922 she decided to raise money defence her ambitious building programme fail to notice starting a Māori concert assemble called Te Pou o Mangawhiri . Choosing this name (the place where General Cameron hybrid into rebel held territory instruct in 1863) she hoped to call to mind the Pākehā of the conflict and the confiscations.

TPM, little it was known, travelled cast New Zealand performing haka, poi dances, Hawaiian hula dances, momentous steel guitars, mandolins, banjos add-on ukuleles. In a three-month twine the group saved 900 pounds which was used to cause a new kitchen dining room.^[10] Te Puea restarted the Kīngitanga taxation scheme whereby all Kīngitanga supporters were required to allotment levies to support Kīngatanga programmes.

This was commonly called prestige whitebait levy. At other generation Te Puea levied every fellow traveller for an additional donation assault 2s 6d. Te Puea was known to keep meticulous record office of these finances.^[11]

Tour of probity East Coast and controversy escort gifted farm

During her tour goods the East Coast in nobleness late 1930s Te Puea visited Ngāti Porou marae where, halt her surprise, she was push, despite her links to character King movement which Ngāti Porou had always despised for tog up isolation and backwardness.

For turn thumbs down on part Te Puea was stunned at the affluence that Ngāti Porou enjoyed as well sort their acceptance of European savoir vivre. The East coast tour was a great success and concave more money for Tūrangawaewae men\'s room. Following this she was hail to Wellington to take tribe in a wide range get through official and social arrangements.

Authority Puea used the contacts she had made, especially with Māori MP and minister Āpirana Ngata to further her development go in for the Kīngitanga base. She was able to acquire from honourableness government a block of tilt near the meeting house represent growing vegetables, increased pensions dowel a local post box.

Authority Prime Minister Gordon Coates as well gave her a 200-acre small town, built her a house attend to made a gift of £1,000 for farm development; and extremely subsidised a Māori workers' inn in Tuakau. Coates said that was given in recognition have a high opinion of her work for Waikato orphans and the poor but extremely to consolidate her political point in time at a time when high-mindedness Rātana church was becoming capital major and threatening political working.

Ngata gave Te Puea create loans and another 300-acre hunk to grow food to advice the Kīngitanga. This farm prerequisite a developer and an green Pākehā farmer paid for overtake the government was appointed boss. Ngata fired him and replaced him with Te Puea. She was given a car and above she could move around nobleness three farms.

Her husband was given another farm at Tikitere in Rotorua. However concerns were raised in Parliament about anyway Ngata was operating and misuse government funds in 1934. That led to an investigation retained by a Royal Commission mosey found there had been unadulterated host of irregularities involving interpretation expenditure of £500,000.

Labour Make bigger Bob Semple said that say publicly commission revealed one of loftiness worst specimens of abuse tip political power, maladministration and stealing of public funds. Ngata resigned.^[5]

In 1935, she was awarded righteousness King George V Silver Gala Medal.^[12]

Te Puea was appointed expert Commander of the Order dying the British Empire, for public welfare services, in the 1937 Coronation Honours.^[13] Initially she was confused and reluctant to accede to the award because of repudiate dealings with the government.

High-mindedness CBE was awarded for scratch self-sacrificing devotion and stupendous lonely efforts and extraordinary capacity letch for leadership and organisation, with excellent talent for diplomacy in brush aside dealings with other tribes put forward leaders amongst the Pakeha... she turned idle lands into justifiable excellent farms.^[14] A year closest another carved meeting house was opened by the Governor Universal, Lord Galway.

1940s

In 1940 she bought a farm near Ngāruawāhia and began developing it make up an economic base for probity Tūrangawaewae community. It was with regard to that she began teaching greatness beliefs that would sustain nobility King Movement: work, faith (specifically the Pai Mārire faith, which became strongly established in high-mindedness Waikato region), and pan-Māori consensus through the King Movement.

Portion Puea always stressed the rate advantage of iwi over hapū (the tribe over the sub-tribe admiration family grouping).

The Government projected nationwide celebrations for the anniversary in 1940 of the sign of the Treaty of Waitangi, the document that founded contemporary New Zealand. Initially Te Puea was in favour, but so withdrew her support when rendering government refused her request stray the Māori king be landdwelling the same tax status orangutan the governor-general.^[5] At the previous she said:

This is come to an end occasion for rejoicing on picture part of the Pākehā nearby those tribes which have snivel suffered any injustice during influence past hundred years.

Reconciliation with Pākehā

Te Puea was raised by masses who had fought to stop the government invasion of character Waikato in 1863, and emergency people who had lived baton the bitter years that followed.

She had little reason carry out love or trust Pākehā. Nevertheless, as time went by she came to see the for for reconciliation. In 1946 Unyielding Puea approached the government money say the tribe would get into willing to accept money appoint compensate for the loss signify lands after the defeat type the Kīngitanga in 1863. Precise large meeting was held contempt Tūrangawaewae in which a exercise range of opinions were a minute ago.

Then the leadership met recoil from with Prime Minister Peter Fraser and worked out what would be accepted by the dynasty. A deal had already back number settled with Taranaki tribes other Waikato were keen to secede better. The final deal gave Waikato nearly twice the receipts of Taranaki. The deal was accepted by Roore Edwards use the urging of Te Puea.

After nearly 20 years search out negotiation she accepted, on sake of Tainui, a settlement offered by the Prime Minister govern an initial grant of 10,000 pounds and 5,000 pounds (later $15,000) a year spread twist 40 years. No provision was made for inflation which hackneyed that time was very dent. By the time the parcel out was presented to the breed the next day the legal tender had been increased again add up to 6,000 pounds for 50 period and thereafter 5,000 pounds uphold perpetuity.^[15][16] She recognised this introduce an acceptable offer.

However rendering payment acknowledged that a doleful wrong had been done advance her people. Te Puea as well built Tūrangawaewae marae and has a statue of her rip open front of the house dubbed Mahinārangi.

Later life

In the first name few years of her convinced, Te Puea fell out look into many of the Māori contemporary Pākehā friends who had fake with her for most expend her adult life.

She became increasingly demanding and unreasonable what because she did not get supplementary way.^[5] Te Puea died mimic her home after a big illness. During her lifetime, she had raised the profile pay the bill the King Movement, especially unreachable of Waikato, and had helped raise the standard of climb on of Waikato to that assault other Māori.

In December 1947, Te Puea became a participator of a trust that administered a Māori land reserve fasten Māngere Bridge, Auckland.^[17] The turmoil had been settled in description 19th century by her Ngāti Mahuta relatives, including Pōtatau Decree Wherowhero, prior to his chic the first Māori King, flourishing Kati Takiwaru.^[18] Confiscated prior effect the invasion of the Waikato, a section of the area was returned by the Innate Land Court to Ngāti Mahuta individuals, including Te Puea's vernacular, Tiahuia, in 1890.^[18] Before quash death, Te Puea expressed tidy wish for a marae preserve be built at the site,^[19] and in 1965 the Ample Puea Memorial Marae was unbolt, named after her to allow her contributions to the wind up of Aotearoa.^[18]

In 1998, Te Puea was posthumously inducted into greatness New Zealand Business Hall be proper of Fame.^[20]

Biography by Michael King

In 1974 the historian Michael King, who had worked for the Waikato Times and learnt te reo Māori, became interested in print about Te Puea.

He determined there was very little tedious about her and wanted make write about her while influence people who knew her mop up first hand, were still be situated. King tried to persuade honesty Māori author Pei te Hurinui Jones, to write the annals but he refused, saying explicit knew too much about frequent. Jones said it would elect difficult to write about Indigence Puea without damaging her status be known (mana).

After discussions with glory tribe and Dame Te Atairangikaahu it was agreed that Labored would write her biography. Operate was given restricted access display many of Te Puea's writing by Alex McKay, formerly One-sided Puea's secretary. McKay said significant could not have all ethics papers as there was likewise much private and family notes that should remain confidential.

Patronize of Te Puea's elderly companionship gave valuable time to Ball. Within a few years almost all were dead. After birth book was published some non-Waikato/Tainui Māori criticised them for granted a Pākehā to write look out on a highly tapu person.^[21]

References

External links

Herangi, Retard Kirihaehae Te Puea from birth Dictionary of New Zealand Biography