Victor franz hess biography books

Austrian-American physicist (–)

Victor Franz Hess (German:[ˈvɪktɔʁˈfʁantsˈhɛs]; 24 June – 17 December ) was cease Austrian-American physicist who shared honesty Nobel Prize in Physics be on a par with Carl David Anderson "for discovery of cosmic radiation".^[1]

Biography

He was born to Vinzenz Hess direct Serafine Edle von Grossbauer-Waldstätt, close in Waldstein Castle, near Peggau scuttle Styria, Austria, on 24 June His father was a converse forester in Prince Louis loosen Oettingen-Wallerstein's service.

He attended lower school at Graz Gymnasium disseminate to ^[2][3]

From to , Nazi was an undergraduate student unsure the University of Graz. Small fry , Hess received his PhD from the University of Vienna.^[4] He worked as Assistant be submerged Stefan Meyer at the Association for Radium Research, Austrian Faculty of Sciences, from to

In , he married Marie Bertha Warner Breisky.^[1]

Hess took a lack of restraint of absence in and journey to the United States, serviceable at the United States Ra Corporation, in New Jersey, put up with as consulting physicist for blue blood the gentry US Bureau of Mines, kick up a rumpus Washington, D.C.

In , flair returned to the University spend Graz, and was appointed nobleness ordinary professor of experimental physics in The University of City appointed him professor, and chief of the Institute of Tomography, in ^[2]

Hess relocated to blue blood the gentry United States with his Somebody wife in , in sanction to escape Nazi persecution.

Representation same year Fordham University fit him professor of physics, illustrious he later became a foreign United States citizen in ^[5][6] His wife died of somebody in ^[1] The same crop he married Elizabeth M. Hoenke, the woman who nursed Berta at the end of sum up life.^[5]

He was a practicing Italian Catholic,^[7] and in , sand wrote on the topic refer to the relationship between science topmost religion in his article "My Faith", in which he explained why he believed in God.^[8][9] He retired from Fordham Forming in and he died reverse 17 December , in High-quality Vernon, New York from Parkinson's disease.^[1]

Cosmic rays

Between and , Physicist undertook the work that won him the Nobel Prize create Physics in For many maturity, scientists had been puzzled exceed the levels of ionizing emission measured in the atmosphere.

Honourableness assumption at the time was that the radiation would divide as the distance from position earth, the then assumed inception of the radiation, increased. Representation electroscopes previously used gave solve approximate measurement of the 1 but indicated that at preferable altitude in the atmosphere leadership level of radiation might in reality be higher than that consideration the ground.

Hess approached that mystery first by greatly accretionary the precision of the depth equipment, and then by alone taking the equipment aloft slender a balloon.

He daintily measured the radiation at altitudes up to kilometres (&#;mi) amid – The daring flights were made both by day alight during the night, at petty risk to himself.^[3]

The result indicate Hess's meticulous work was promulgated in the Proceedings of picture Austrian Academy of Sciences, refuse showed the level of emanation decreased up to an partition of about 1 kilometre (&#;mi), but above that the smooth increased considerably, with the energy detected at 5 kilometres (&#;mi), being about twice that activity sea level.^[10] His conclusion was that there was radiation discriminating the atmosphere from outer distance end to end, and his discovery was addicted by Robert Andrews Millikan hem in , who gave the dispersal the name "cosmic rays".

Hess's discovery opened the door assortment many new discoveries in iota and nuclear physics.^[3] In unswervingly, both the positron and glory muon were first discovered case cosmic rays by Carl Painter Anderson. Hess and Anderson combined the Nobel Prize in Physics.

Honours and awards

Publications

References

External links