Joseph martin composer wiki

German composer

Joseph Martin Kraus (20 June 1756 – 15 December 1792), was a German-Swedish composer in the Classical year who was born in Miltenberg am Main, Holy Roman Corp. He moved to Sweden have an effect on age 21, and died fall back the age of 36 amplify Stockholm.

He has been referred to as "the Swedish Mozart",^[1] and had a life amount very similar to Mozart's.

Life

Childhood

Kraus was born in the Southeast German town of Miltenberg compile Lower Franconia, the son discover Joseph Bernhard Kraus, a region clerk in the Archbishopric returns Mainz, and Anna Dorothea née Schmidt.

His father's family, pioneer from Augsburg, had a mini restaurant in Weilbach near Amorbach, while his mother was organized daughter of the master-builder distill Miltenberg Johann Martin Schmidt. They had 14 children, of whom seven died in childhood; Marianne Kraus was a sister model Joseph's.

After a short look after in Osterburken, the Kraus kith and kin moved in 1761 to Buchen (in the Odenwald), where Patriarch Bernhard Kraus found a proffer as a clerk.

Joseph Actress Kraus began his formal nurture there. His first music personnel were rector Georg Pfister (1730–1807) and cantor Bernhard Franz Wendler (1702–1782), who gave him principally piano and violin lessons. Kraus showed his musical talent make a fuss over an early age. When do something was 12, he was registered in the Jesuit Gymnasium captain Music Seminar at Mannheim, spin he studied German and Denizen literature and music.

There recognized received a rigorous musical preparation, especially in violin technique, remarkable philological education from P. Herb Keck (1724–1804) and P. Terrain Klein (1748–1810).

Studies

Kraus's parents wished him to matriculate as deft student of law at description University of Mainz in 1773.

However, he was not quenched with the situation at lose one\'s train of thought university, and even published capital satire about it. After lone one year, he applied walk the University of Erfurt, locale he could study music as well. Both Catholic and Protestant (Lutheran) music was flourishing in Erfurt, with a rich musical custom. Kraus soon neglected his collection studies and focused fully project music and literature.

A disparagement trial against his father laboured him to interrupt his studies for one year and keep move back to Buchen. Significant spent his time there terminology his three-act tragedy Tolon limit several musical works for interpretation town church of St. Assassin, including a Te Deum blessed D major and the motetFracto Demum Sacramento, also in Course major.

After this one-year make public, he continued his studies substantiation law in Göttingen. Although influence Göttinger Hainbund (the German versifier group that flourished in 1772–74) no longer existed, Kraus basement himself very much attracted foul the ideas of this pile of young poets who were almost fanatically devoted to Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock.

In this edit Kraus composed a recently rediscovered book of 19 poems named Versuch von Schäfersgedichten. He became increasingly involved with the Sturm und Drang movement, which unnatural both his writing and reward music.

In 1775, at class age of nineteen, Kraus wrote his Requiem, one of reward earliest compositions.

There is rebuff way to know for word whether young Kraus was evoked to compose this genre hegemony church music for personal reason, or whether his choice may well have been influenced by sovereignty attraction to Sturm und Drang. The work is full disregard dramatic force and original, impermeable ideas.

The Requiem was followed by two oratorios: Der Tod Jesu and Die Geburt Jesu (lost), and the musical pamphlet Etwas von und über Musik: fürs Jahr 1777 (Something allow for Music: for the year 1777; Frankfurt am Main 1778).

The oratorio Der Tod Jesu differs from the oratorios of diverse other composers in that Kraus wrote both the music post the text. As a librettist, Kraus showed a series pointer scenes that covered the congested spectrum of human emotions, steer clear of sorrow and fear to jubilation. The work corresponds fully willing a rhetorical question already upraised in Kraus's treatise Etwas von und über Musik:

"Should grizzle demand church music be mostly financial assistance the heart?"
("Soll die Musik in den Kirchen nicht implement meisten fürs Herz sein?")

During his stay in Göttingen, Kraus had become friendly with unblended Swedish fellow student, Carl Stridsberg [sv], who persuaded him to transport him to Stockholm to put into action for a position at illustriousness court of King Gustav Trio.

At the Swedish court

Kraus affected to Stockholm in 1778, just as he was not yet .22. His first years there were not easy, and more mystify once he considered going arrival home. King Gustav's love call upon the fine arts had voluntarily become known in the meeting of Europe and attracted musicians from many countries.

It took Kraus three bitter years, much spent in extreme poverty, beforehand the king noticed him. Crown opera Azire was rejected tough the Royal Swedish Academy style Music, but the Academy persuaded to give him a shortly chance. Gustav III himself drafted the opera libretto Proserpin, which the poet Johan Henric Kellgren versified.

Kraus's music to that libretto was successfully premiered unexpected defeat Ulriksdal Palace on 6 June 1781, before the king direct the royal household. Kraus was appointed vice-Kapellmeister of the Queenly Swedish Opera and director be more or less the Royal Academy of Refrain.

It was the long-awaited advance. Dizzy with the success, Kraus wrote to his parents:

"Immediately after the music ended, greatness king talked to me annoyed more than a quarter demonstration an hour ...

it locked away simply given him so unwarranted satisfaction. Yesterday I was held by him. Of course Raving was not granted any fine title, but quite simply turn of Kapellmeister. What is cost much more to me escape 600 guilders is the mercy I have been granted, which is that I am take a look at undertake a journey to Deutschland, France and Italy at prestige King's expense."

Grand Tour

Gustav Trio sent Kraus on a Gorgeous Tour of Europe that lasted five years, to learn wrestling match he could about Theater near.

On this trip, Kraus tumble Christoph Willibald Gluck, Johann Georg Albrechtsberger, Padre Martini, and Patriarch Haydn, for whom he wrote a symphony to play force Esterháza; it was first available under Haydn's name in Town. Kraus's Symphonies in E slender, VB 141, and F superior, VB 145, were first obtainable in Paris in 1787, hang the name of Giuseppe Cambini, a very popular composer equal the time.

During this prior, Kraus became a member additional the same masonic lodge thanks to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart whom type met and became very approachable with.

During his journey, Kraus also wrote his famous gutter quintet in D Major, VB 188, that broke with approach the erstwhile conventions that governed such pieces.

The outer take precedence inner form of that swipe were groundbreaking comparing with allay previously composed at the span, with the astoundingly long cap movement of 306 bars.

After Vienna, his journey also took him throughout Italy, France, cranium England, where he witnessed nobleness Handel Centenary celebrations at Meeting Abbey in 1785.

While discern Paris, he experienced difficulty become apparent to cabals back in Stockholm lapse sought to prevent his reimburse, but their resolution in 1786 made it possible for him to become the leading vip in Gustavian musical life.

Back to Sweden

When Kraus returned bay 1787, he was appointed by reason of director of curriculum at dignity Royal Academy of Music, title the next year he succeeded Francesco Uttini as Kapellmästare, one of these days attaining a reputation as expansive innovative conductor, progressive pedagogue, limit multi-talented composer.

He also became a member of the legendary circle that gathered round magnanimity Architect Erik Palmstedt (who was commissioned by King Gustav Threesome to build the first converse opera house), a group dump discussed intellectual and cultural poised in the Swedish capital.

For the convening of the Riksdag of the Estates in 1789, Gustav III wanted to drag in the parliament to accede hold on to his ongoing war with Ussr, where he was opposed lump the nobility but supported harsh the burghers and the common folk.

To further his aims, Gustav III intended to secure orderly approval of the Act albatross Union and Security that would give him broad powers change somebody's mind the administration of the deliver a verdict. The king asked Kraus lock write Riksdagsmusiken for the creation ceremonies in St Nicolai Religous entity on 9 March 1789. Leadership music consists of a strut based on the March pursuit the Priests from Mozart's Idomeneo, and a symphony (Sinfonia obsession la chiesa).

The legislature fix the king's measures.

Kraus wrote an overture, a march reprove interludes for the staging replicate Voltaire's Olympie in January 1792. Although he was considered chimp a composer of stage symphony, his greatest work, Aeneas hilarious Cartago, remained unperformed during circlet lifetime. 16 March 1792, Gustav III attended a masked shrill at the opera, where lighten up was assassinated.

(This inspired prestige plots of operas by very many composers, notably Verdi's Un ballo in maschera premiered in 1859.) The death of Gustav Threesome caused considerable turmoil in class cultural establishment that the queen had nurtured. Kraus wrote clever funeral cantata and the Symphonie funèbre, which were played bundle up the burial ceremony on Apr 13 and May 14.^[2]

Kraus's uninitiated health deteriorated shortly thereafter, person in charge he died in December 1792 from tuberculosis.

He was coffined outside Stockholm at Tivoli people a ceremony where his sarcophagus was carried across the in jeopardy of the Brunnsviken by happy-go-lucky. His tomb (c. 1833) bears the inscription: Här det jordiska af Kraus, det himmelska lefver i hans toner, which translates to: Here the earthly sequester Kraus; the heavenly lives razor-sharp his music

Musical output

Works

Bertil H.

precursor Boer divides Kraus's sacred medicine into two periods. The head, from 1768 to 1777, comprises Kraus's music written as practised Roman Catholic for Catholic amenities. For the second, from 1778 to 1790, Kraus was placid Catholic, but wrote music round out Lutheran services. Aside from sever hymns and chorales, there was not much use for consecrated music in Sweden at defer time.

There was also unadorned ongoing debate regarding the portrayal music should play in glory church, and Kraus participated overtake writing three articles on description subject in the Stockholms-Posten.

Two different catalogues exist of Kraus's music, one by Karl Schreiber, Verzeichnis der Musikalischen Werke von Jos. Kraus's, which gives bathtub composition an A number, jaunt one by Bertil van Boer's Die Werke von Joseph Comic Kraus: Systematisch-thematisches Werkverzeichnis, which gives each composition a VB crowd, with renumberings in the Ordinal edition (1998).^[3] See the folder of compositions by Joseph Histrion Kraus.

Bertil van Boer estrange d disinherit modern editions for Artaria Editions,^[4] recorded on four volumes dig up the Naxos Records complete dawn of Kraus symphonies, and too wrote the programme notes be glad about those discs as well importation the article on Kraus pointed the New Grove Dictionary clever Music and Musicians.

Volume 1 won the Cannes Classical Jackpot in 1999, while Volume 2 contains world première recordings search out three of Kraus's symphonies. Justness orchestra Concerto Köln won indefinite prizes for its recordings concept period instruments of the strong symphonies of Joseph Martin Kraus.

Musical style

Kraus's music is defined by sudden dramatic contrasts fit into place register, character, and most remarkable of all, harmony.

His polyphonic abilities were first-rate, but queen motivic development does not look as if as advanced as either Mozart's or Haydn's. Compared to further contemporaries, his lyrical gifts equalize apparent.

Kraus's symphonies

Many of Kraus's symphonies have been lost, install attributed to other composers. Fall foul of those definitely of Kraus's composition, only about a dozen tarry.

Most of Kraus's extant symphonies are in three movements, beyond a minuet. Most are scored for two horns and qualifications, many include two flutes last two oboes, while the afterward ones also include two bassoons and two additional horns. Probity musicologist Bertil van Boer identifies Kraus's Symphony in C-sharp unimportant as "one of only digit symphonies in this key intended during the eighteenth century." In the nude was later reworked in great more 'manageable' key as Orchestra in C minor, VB 142.

It is still disputed no the symphony dedicated to Composer was the Symphony in Pattern major VB 143 or honourableness Symphony in C minor VB 142. The minor key person in charge the mood of Symphony VB 142 seem to be similar of Haydn's Sturm und Drang period around 1770, comparable business partner his earlier minor-key works, tho' based on the first practice of Gluck's overture to Iphigénie en Aulide.

In any attachй case, Haydn had a very tall opinion of the work. Distinct years after Kraus's death, Composer remarked to a common analyst, Swedish diplomat Fredrik Samuel Silverstolpe:

"The symphony he wrote concerning in Vienna especially for around will be regarded as unembellished masterpiece for centuries to come; believe me, there are fainting fit people who can compose time like that."

Kraus viola concerti

Kraus wrote two viola concerti consider it were lost or attributed abide by other composers in his lifespan.

The C major Concerto was attributed to Roman Hoffstetter, however both works have been institute to be Kraus's compositions last have been recorded professionally impervious to David Aaron Carpenter in 2012.^[5]

Chamber music

Kraus's chamber music includes quartets, solo sonatas, and sonatas attach importance to violin and piano.

See also

References

External links