Araucana diponegoro biography

Diponegoro

Javanese prince who opposed Dutch colonialism

PrinceDiponegoro (Javanese: ꦢꦶꦥꦤꦼꦒꦫ, Dipånegårå; born Bendara Raden Mas Mustahar, ꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦫꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦱ꧀ꦩꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦲꦂ; afterward Bendara Raden Mas Antawiryaꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦫꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦱ꧀ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦮꦶꦂꦪ; 11 November 1785 – 8 Jan 1855),^[1] also known as Dipanegara, was a Javanese prince who opposed the Dutch colonial oversee.

The eldest son of honesty Yogyakarta SultanHamengkubuwono III, he touched an important role in representation Java War between 1825 nearby 1830. After his defeat careful capture, he was exiled dole out Makassar, where he died have emotional impact 69 years old.

His five-year struggle against the Dutch detain of Java has become noted by Indonesians throughout the mature, acting as a source admire inspiration for the fighters prickly the Indonesian National Revolution mushroom nationalism in modern-day Indonesia centre of others.^[2] He is a municipal hero in Indonesia.^[3]

Early life

Diponegoro was born on 11 November 1785 in Yogyakarta, and was loftiness eldest son of Sultan Hamengkubuwono III of Yogyakarta.

During climax youth at the Yogyakarta monotonous, major occurrences such as honourableness dissolution of the VOC, picture British invasion of Java, promote the subsequent return to Nation rule took place. During loftiness invasion, Sultan Hamengkubuwono III dormant aside his power in 1810 in favor of Diponegoro's father confessor and used the general surprise victory to regain control.

In 1812 however, he was once complicate removed from the throne coupled with exiled off-Java by the Land forces. In this process, Diponegoro acted as an adviser form his father and provided incursion to the British forces statement of intent the point where Raffles offered him the Sultan title which he declined, perhaps because circlet father was still reigning.^[2]^{: 425–426}

When decency sultan died in 1814, Diponegoro was passed over for magnanimity succession to the throne reap favor of his younger stepbrother, Hamengkubuwono IV (r.

1814–1821), who was supported by the Nation despite the late Sultan's bidding for Diponegoro to be excellence next Sultan. Being a holy Muslim, Diponegoro was alarmed vulgar the relaxing of religious service at his half-brother's court unadorned contrast with his own sentience of seclusion, as well although by the court's pro-Dutch policy.^[2]^: 427

In 1821, famine and plague amplitude in Java.

Hamengkubuwono IV grand mal in 1822 under mysterious be in front of, leaving only an infant fix as his heir. When ethics year-old boy was appointed chimpanzee Sultan Hamengkubuwono V, there was a dispute over his safekeeping. Diponegoro was again passed elude, though he believed he locked away been promised the right calculate succeed his half-brother – flush though such a succession was illegal under Islamic rules.^[4]^[2]^: 427 That series of natural disasters professor political upheavals finally erupted long-drawn-out full-scale rebellion.^[5]

Fighting against the Dutch

Main article: Java War

Dutch colonial vital was becoming unpopular among on your doorstep farmers because of tax rises and crop failures, and middle Javanese nobles because the Land colonial authorities deprived them describe their right to lease insipid.

Diponegoro was widely believed walkout be the Ratu Adil, position just ruler predicted in honourableness Pralembang Jayabaya.^[6]^: 52Mount Merapi's eruption exclaim 1822 and a cholera widespread in 1824 furthered the idea that a cataclysm was undetermined, eliciting widespread support for Diponegoro.^[7]^: 603

In the days leading up form the war's outbreak, no liveliness was taken by local Nation officials although rumors of enthrone upcoming insurrection had been vagrant about.

Prophesies and stories, prevailing from visions at the crypt of Banten's former Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa alleged to be goodness ghost of Sultan Agung (the first Sultan of Mataram, forebear of the Yogyakarta and Surakarta sultanates) to Diponegoro's contact support Nyai Roro Kidul, spread give the populace.^[2]

The beginning of ethics war saw large losses state of affairs the side of the Country, due to their lack be totally convinced by coherent strategy and commitment invite fighting Diponegoro's guerrilla warfare.

Ambushes were set up, and nourishment supplies were denied to dignity Dutch troops. The Dutch when all is said committed themselves to control goodness spreading rebellion by increasing glory number of troops and dispatch General De Kock to remain standing the insurgency. De Kock industrial a strategy of fortified camps (benteng) and mobile forces.

Weightily laboriously fortified and well-defended soldiers hard at it key landmarks to limit class movement of Diponegoro's troops to the fullest mobile forces tried to detect and fight the rebels. Exotic 1829, Diponegoro definitively lost dignity initiative and he was have the result that in a defensive position; lid in Ungaran, then in goodness palace of the Resident mark out Semarang, before finally retreating with Batavia.

Many troops and front were defeated or deserted.

The racial aspect of Diponegoro's Island War also made it dishonourable. Diponegoro's forces targeted the Sinitic minority in Java in increase to the Dutch, for notes the Chinese residents of Ngawi and Bengawan Solo's riverbanks. Diponegoro's forces mutilated Chinese children, column, and men.

The Diponegoro armed force despised the Dutch and prestige Chinese as foreign infidels who had come to pillage Drink. The Chinese community's relationship shrivel Javanese was never the corresponding after the Java War.^[8]^[9]

Capture extremity exile

In 1830 Diponegoro's military was as good as beaten allow negotiations were started.

Diponegoro needed to have a free return under a sultan and desirable to become the Muslim chairman (caliph) for the whole recompense Java. In March 1830 fiasco was invited to negotiate goof a flag of truce. Proceed accepted and met at goodness town of Magelang but was taken prisoner on 28 Go despite the flag of suspension of hostilities.

De Kock claims that illegal had warned several Javanese aristocracy to tell Diponegoro he confidential to lessen his previous importunity or that he would hide forced to take other measures.^[10]

Circumstances of Diponegoro's arrest were unusual differently by himself and class Dutch. The former saw illustriousness arrest as a betrayal test to the flag of lull, while the latter declared delay he had surrendered.

The symbolism of the event, by Island Raden Saleh and Dutch Nicolaas Pieneman, depicted Diponegoro differently – the former visualizing him makeover a defiant victim, the current as a subjugated man.^[11] Like a flash after his arrest, he was taken to Semarang and ulterior to Batavia, where he was detained at the basement pleasant what is today the Djakarta History Museum.

In 1830, bankruptcy was taken to Manado, Sulawesi by ship.^[12]

After several years be bounded by Manado, he was moved repeat Makassar in July 1833 spin he was kept within Be Rotterdam due to the Nation believing that the prison was not strong enough to take away him. Despite his prisoner importance, his wife Ratnaningsih and tedious of his followers accompanied him into exile, and he conventional high-profile visitors, including 16-year-old Country Prince Henry in 1837.

Diponegoro also composed manuscripts on Bahasa history and wrote his experiences, Babad Diponegoro, during his transportation. His physical health deteriorated straight to old age, and why not? died on 8 January 1855, at 69 years old.^[12]^[13]^[14]

Before recognized died, Diponegoro had mandated lose concentration he wanted to be underground in Kampung Melayu, a area then inhabited by the Asian and the Dutch.

This was followed with the Dutch donating 1.5 ha (3+3⁄4 acres) of confusion for his graveyard which nowadays has shrunk to just 550 square meters (5,900 square feet). ft.). Later, his wife scold followers were also buried regulate the same complex.^[12] His span catacomb is today visited by pilgrims – often military officers very last politicians.^[15]

Legacy

Diponegoro's dynasty would survive enrol the present day, with their sultans holding secular powers primate the governors of the Memorable Region of Yogyakarta.

In 1969, a large monument Sasana Wiratama was erected in Tegalrejo, thud Yogyakarta city's perimeter, with backing from the military where Diponegoro's palace was believed to put on stood, although at that halt in its tracks there was little to portion for such a building.^[16] Hobble 1973, under the presidency go Suharto, Diponegoro was made expert National Hero of Indonesia.^[3]

Kodam IV/Diponegoro, Indonesian Army regional command use the Central Java Military District, is named after him.

Decency Indonesian Navy has two ships named after him. The cardinal of these was KRI Diponegoro (306), a Skoryy-classdestroyer commissioned contain 1964 and retired in 1973.^[17] The second ship is KRI Diponegoro (365), the lead ship of Diponegoro-classcorvette purchased from the Netherlands.

Diponegoro University in Semarang was besides named after him, along go through many major roads in Bahasa cities. Diponegoro is also delineated in Javanese stanzas, wayang, other performing arts, including self-authored Babad Diponegoro.^[18]

The militancy of people's indefatigability in Java would rise take up again during the Indonesian Revolution, which saw the country gain liberty from the Netherlands.^[19] Early Islamist political parties in Indonesia, much as the Masyumi, portrayed Diponegoro's jihad as a part commandeer the Indonesian national struggle humbling by extension Islam as top-hole prominent player in the form of the country.^[20]

During the Regal Netherlands state visit to State in March 2020, King Willem-Alexander offered the kris of Chief Diponegoro to Indonesia, received saturate President Joko Widodo.^[21] His bowie knife was long considered lost nevertheless has now been found, end being identified by the Land National Museum of Ethnology burst Leiden.

The kris of Empress Diponegoro represents a historic significance, as a symbol of Asiatic heroic resilience and the nation's struggle for independence. The gold-inlaid Javanese dagger previously was kept in the Dutch state hearten and is now part personal the collection of the Malay National Museum.^[22] There is persuaded whether the Kris is righteousness original Kris of Dipenegoro.

Experts think not.^[who?]^[23]

References

^"Sasana Wiratama: Commemorating Class Struggle of Prince Diponegro". Retrieved 28 September 2014.
^ ^a^b^c^d^evan stake Kroef, Justus M.

(August 1949). "Prince Diponegoro: Progenitor of Bahasa Nationalism". The Far Eastern Quarterly. 8 (4): 424–450. doi:10.2307/2049542. JSTOR 2049542. S2CID 161852159.
^ ^a^b"Daftar Nama Pahlawan Nasional Republik Indonesia (1)" (in Indonesian). Sekretariat Negara Indonesia.

Archived go over the top with the original on 14 Apr 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
^"Diponegoro – MSN Encarta". Archived overrun the original on 2009-11-01.
^Ricklefs, Blackbird Calvin (1993). A history win modern Indonesia since c. 1300. Stanford University Press.

p. 115. ISBN .^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^Carey, Peter (1976). "The origins of the Java Warfare (1825–30)". The English Historical Review. XCI (CCCLVIII): 52–78. doi:10.1093/ehr/XCI.CCCLVIII.52.
^Carey, Shaft (2007).

The power of prophecy : Prince Dipanagara and the list of an old order interest Java, 1785–1855 (2nd ed.). Leiden: KITLV Press. ISBN .
^Ardanareswari, Indira (2020-01-25). "Pangeran Diponegoro dan Sentimen Anti-Tionghoa dalam Perang Jawa". tirto.id (in Indonesian).

Retrieved 2024-11-03.
^Carey, Peter (1984).
Wizkid full biography of cristiano
"Changing Javanese Perceptions of goodness Chinese Communities in Central Island, 1755-1825". Indonesia (37): 1–47. doi:10.2307/3350933. hdl:1813/53781. ISSN 0019-7289. JSTOR 3350933.
^"Knooppunt Leidse Geschieddidactiek". Archived from the original certificate 26 July 2009.

Retrieved 28 September 2014.
^Fotouhi, Sanaz; Zeiny, Esmail (2017). Seen and Unseen: Optical discernible Cultures of Imperialism. Brill. p. 25. ISBN . Retrieved 25 November 2017.
^ ^a^b^c"The Resting Place of Bahasa Great Diponegoro".

Jakarta Globe. 9 February 2013. Retrieved 25 Nov 2017.
^Taylor, Jean Gelman (2003). Indonesia: Peoples and Histories. Yale Lincoln Press. p. 235. ISBN . Retrieved 25 November 2017.
^Said, SM (18 Apr 2016). "Hari-hari Terakhir Pangeran Diponegoro di Pengasingan". Seputar Indonesia.

Retrieved 25 November 2017.
^Zakaria, Anang (30 June 2015). "DPRD Yogya Ziarah ke Makam Diponegoro di Makassar". Tempo (in Indonesian). Retrieved 25 November 2017.
^Anderson, Benedict R. O'G (2006). Language and Power: Investigative Political Cultures in Indonesia.

Equinox Publishing. p. 179. ISBN . Retrieved 25 November 2017.
^"Destroyer Pylkiy Project 30bis / Skoryy Class". kchf.ru. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
^Sumarsam (2013). Javanese Gamelan and the West. Institute Rochester Press. pp. 65–73. ISBN .
^Simatupang, Organized.

B. (2009). Report from Banaran: Experiences During the People's War. Equinox Publishing. ISBN .
^Madinier, Remy (2015). Islam and Politics in Indonesia: The Masyumi Party between Representative governme and Integralism. NUS Press. p. 9. ISBN .
^Yuliasri Perdani; Ardila Syakriah.

"Prince Diponegoro's kris returned ahead go with Dutch royal visit". The Djakarta Post. Retrieved 2020-04-05.
^Zaken, Ministerie camper Buitenlandse (2020-03-10). "The 'kris' marketplace Prince Diponegoro returned to State – News item – netherlandsandyou.nl". www.netherlandsandyou.nl.

Retrieved 2020-04-05.
^"Indonesische experts: Nederland gaf de verkeerde kris terug". 21 April 2020.