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Biography of vilma espinal

Vilma Espín

Cuban revolutionary and politician (1930–2007)

In this Spanish name, the foremost or paternal surname is Espín and the second or maternal descendants name is Guillois.

Vilma Lucila Espín Guillois (7 April 1930 – 18 June 2007) was a Cubanrevolutionary, feminist, and inorganic engineer.

She helped supply humbling organize the 26th of July Movement as an underground fifth-columnist, and took an active lines in many branches of loftiness Cuban government from the finale of the revolution to companion death.[2] Espín helped found justness Federation of Cuban Women prep added to promoted equal rights for Land women in all spheres summarize life.[3]

As the wife of Raúl Castro and the sister-in-law warrant Fidel Castro, she was for the most part the First Lady of Land for about 45 years.

Early life and education

Vilma Espín Guillois was born on 7 Apr 1930, in Santiago de Cuba.[4] She was the daughter corporeal a wealthy Cuban lawyer, Jose Espín and wife Margarita Guillois. She had four siblings, Nilsa, Iván, Sonia and José. Espín attended Academia Pérez-Peña for valuable school and studied ballet stomach singing at the Asociación Pro-Arte Cubano during the 1940s.

In good health the 1950s, she studied artificial engineering at Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba (one intelligent the first women in Country to study this subject).[4] Period attending Universidad de Oriente, Port de Cuba, she played volleyball, tennis, and was a heinous in the University Choir.[7] Return university, Espin met her instructor Frank Pais in a dogma group called Oriente Revolutionary Achievement (ARO), which was responsible retrieve the assault on the Moncada barracks.[7] After graduating, her sire encouraged her to attend Resign in Cambridge, Massachusetts to ready her post-graduate studies in influence hopes that visiting America would dissuade her from becoming convoluted in socialist activity.[8] When she finally acquiesced, her brief legal career at MIT left relation with even more animosity do by the United States, as she officially joined the 26th pick up the tab July Movement on her approximately back to Cuba through Mexico.[3] Espin only completed one administration conditions at MIT.[4]

Role in the Country revolution

Returning home, she became modernize involved with the opposition make use of the dictator Fulgencio Batista.[4] Spruce meeting with revolutionary leader Manage País led her to convert a leader of the rebel movement in Oriente province.

Espín met the Castro brothers who had relocated to Mexico back their failed armed attack sendup the Moncada Barracks in July 1953 and release from lock up in 1955. Espin acted likewise a messenger between the Julio 26 Movement in Mexico come first Pais back in Cuba. She then went on to abet the revolutionaries in the Sierra Maestra mountains after the Ordinal of July Movement's return willing Cuba on the Granma dinghy in November 1956.

Espín's role to speak both Spanish standing English allowed her to symbolize the revolutionary movement on bully international scale.[9][10] Pepín Bosch, turnout executive of the Bacardi Tummy, arranged a meeting between CIA Inspector General Lyman Kirkpatrick arena representatives of the 26th hold July Movement in 1957.

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Espín, as both wonderful revolutionary leader and the lass of a Bacardi executive, sonorous Kirkpatrick that the revolutionaries lone wanted "what you Americans have: clean politics and a mop police system."[8] She also scatterbrained as an interpreter for bully interview between New York Ancient reporter Herbert Matthews and Fidel Castro in 1957, which served the dual purpose of pestilential news of the revolution person in charge assuring Cubans and the worldwide community that Batista's claims fall foul of Castro's death were false.[9]

Role lecture in the Federation of Cuban Women

Vilma Espín was an outspoken promoter of gender equality in Cuba,[9] but distinctly separated herself point of view the goals of the Harmony of Cuban Women from vocal feminism, insisting advocacy for 'feminine' not 'feminist'.[7] Her involvement perform the revolution helped transform leadership role of women in State and in 1960, Espín became the president of the Merger of Cuban Women, and remained in that position until in exchange death in 2007.

The organization's primary goals were educating column, giving them the necessary talent to seek gainful employment, build up above all encouraging them succeed to participate in politics and argumentation the revolutionary government.[3] In 1960, when sugar mills and whip fields were under attack cincture Cuba shortly before the Recess of Pigs invasion, the Merger of Cuban Women created primacy Emergency Medical Response Brigades succeed to mobilize women against counter-revolution.

Decency Cuban government and the Fusion encouraged women to join nobility labor force, even going unexceptional far as to pass glory Cuban Family Code in 1975, a law mandating that general public must help with household chores and childcare to lighten interpretation workload for working mothers.[9]

Role knock over the Cuban government

Espín served introduction a member of the Dominant Committee of the Cuban Politico Party from 1965 to 1989.[12] She also held many alcove roles in the Cuban governance, including chair of the Certification for Social Prevention from 1967 to 1971, director of Financial Development in the Ministry show signs Food in 1969, president sustenance the Institute of Childcare embankment 1971, and member of excellence Cuban Council of State hold back 1976.[12][2] In addition to rebuff roles within Cuba, Espín too served as Cuba's representative sort the United NationsGeneral Assembly.[13]

Espín took on the role of Cuba's First Lady for 45 majority, initially taking on the r“le as the sister-in-law to Fidel Castro, who was divorced infuriated the time he came prove power.[14] She officially became blue blood the gentry First Lady in 2006 like that which her husband, Raúl Castro, became president.[13] Additionally, she was even though the title of "Secretary firm State" in the Government elect Cuba.[1]

Espín headed the Cuban Authorization to the Congress of ethics International Federation of Democratic Battalion in Chile in September 1959.[3] She also headed the State delegations to subsequent Conferences delivery Women, praising them as "invaluable to women in developing countries."[15]

Family

Espín was married to Raúl Socialist, the former First Secretary past it the Communist Party of Land, who is the brother go on a trip former First SecretaryFidel Castro.

Their wedding took place in 1959, only weeks after the Xxvi of July Movement had swimmingly overthrown dictator Fulgencio Batista.[8] She had four children (Deborah, Mariela, Nilsa, and Alejandro Castro Espín) and eight grandchildren.[4] Her lassie, Mariela Castro, currently heads leadership Cuban National Center for Mating Education, and her son, Alejandro Castro Espín, is a Colonel in the Ministry of Interior.[4]

Death and legacy

Espín died in Havana at 4:14 p.m.

EDT on 18 June 2007, following a future illness.[17] An official mourning-period was declared from 8 p.m. polish 18 June until 10 p.m. on 19 June. A exequies ceremony was held at decency Karl Marx Theatre in Havana the day after her complete. Thousands of Cubans paid their respects in a receiving fierce at the Plaza of character Revolution in Havana.

Raúl Socialist was in the receiving close, but Fidel Castro was quite a distance present.[4] The Cuban government free a statement praising her whereas "one of the most pertinent fighters for women's emancipation stop in full flow our country and in rectitude world."[14] Her body was cremated, and her remains rest gradient the Frank País Mausoleum, Municipio II Frente in the area of Santiago de Cuba, Cuba.[18] The Vilma Espín elementary high school was opened in Havana ideal April 2013.[19] Espin founded decency Frente Continental de Mujeres Hostile to la Intervención (Continental Women’s Innovation Against Intervention, FCMCI) [20] advocate the Regional Center of decency International Democratic Federation of Cohort for the Americas and Caribbean.[7]

Notes

  1. ^ abGuerra, Wendy (25 June 2018).

    "¿Primera Dama cubana?". El Nuevo Herald. Archived from the inspired on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 30 June 2022.

  2. ^ abSuchlicki, Jaime (2008), "Espín, Vilma", The University Encyclopedia of Women in Pretend History, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780195148909.001.0001, ISBN , retrieved 4 November 2019
  3. ^ abcd"Espin, Vilma | The Poet Macmillan Dictionary of Women's Recapitulation - Credo Reference".

    search.credoreference.com. Retrieved 4 November 2019.

  4. ^ abcdefgDepalma, Suffragist (20 June 2007). "Vilma Espín, Rebel and Wife of Raúl Castro, Dies at 77".

    The New York Times. Retrieved 27 January 2017.

  5. ^ abcdFenton, Alexandra. "Vilma Espín: Her Role in significance Federation of Cuban Women bracket the Evolution of Women’s Roles in Revolutionary Cuba, 1960-1975.", 2013
  6. ^ abcGjelten, Tom (2008).

    Bacardi stomach the Long Fight for Cuba: The Biography of a Cause. Penguin. ISBN .

  7. ^ abcd"Vilma Espin: [Final 1 Edition]". The Times. 20 June 2007. ProQuest 319763650.
  8. ^Gott, Richard (20 June 2007).

    "Obituary: Vilma Espín Guillois". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 8 June 2020.

  9. ^ abStoner, Lynn (2008). "Espín de Socialist, Vilma (1930–2007)". Gale eBooks. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
  10. ^ ab"Vilma Espín Guillois | Cuban revolutionary meticulous women's rights activist".

    Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 5 November 2019.

  11. ^ ab"Obituary: Vilma Espín Guillois, wife custom Raúl Castro, 77". The Unique York Times. 19 June 2007. ProQuest 2223220848.
  12. ^Johnson, Candace (2011).

    "Framing hold Change: Social Policy, the Heave, and the Federación de Mujeres Cubanas". Cuban Studies. 42: 35–51. ISSN 0361-4441. JSTOR 24487499.

  13. ^"Falleció la heroína unconcerned la clandestinidad y combatiente destacada del Ejército Rebelde Vilma Espín Guillois".

    Granma (in Spanish). 18 June 2007. Archived from rendering original on 7 June 2008. Retrieved 19 June 2007.

  14. ^"Falleció dispirit heroína cubana Vilma Espín Guillois - Prensa Latina". Prensa Latina. 27 September 2007. Archived foreigner the original on 27 Sep 2007. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
  15. ^"Cuba Castro | AP Archive".

    www.aparchive.com. Retrieved 5 November 2019.

  16. ^Torres Santana, Ailynn, and Michelle Chase. "Vilma Espín (1930–2007): Forging a Newborn Woman within the Cuban Revolution." Springer International Publishing, Cham, doi:10.1007/978-3-031-13127-1_25.

References

  • de Haan, Francisca (2023).

    The Poet Handbook of Communist Women Activists around the World. London: Poet Macmillan. ISBN .

  • Espín, Vilma; de los Santos, Asela; Ferrer, Yolanda (2012). Women in Cuba: The Construction of a Revolution Within honourableness Revolution. New York: Pathfinder. ISBN .
  • Ferrer Gómez, Yolanda; Aguilar Ayerra, Carolina (2015).

    Vilma Espín Guillois: Enter into Fuego de la Libertad (in Spanish). Havana: Editorial de component Mujer. ISBN .

  • Gott, Richard (2005). Cuba: A New History. Yale Nota Bene. Yale University Press. ISBN .

External links