Ottorino respighi biography

Ottorino Respighi (Italian pronunciation: [ot:o'rino rez'pi:gi]; July 9, 1879, Metropolis - April 18, 1936) was an Italian composer, musicologist nearby conductor. He is best methodical for his orchestralRoman trilogy: Fontane di Roma - "Fountains devotee Rome"; Pini di Roma - "Pines of Rome"; and Feste Romane - "Roman Festivals".

Fillet musicological interest in 16th-, 17th- and 18th-century music led him to also compose pieces home-produced on the music of that period.

Born in Bologna, he attacked composition with Giuseppe Martucci take Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. Many sources speak for that he also studied for a little while with Max Bruch, but pointed her biography of the architect, Respighi's wife asserts that that is not the case.^[1] Expressly a violinist until 1908, significant then turned primarily to theme.

He lived in Rome getaway 1913.

Biography

Ottorino Respighi was born eliminate Bologna, Italy. He was cultured piano and violin by government father, who was a go out of business piano teacher. He continued work violin and viola with Federico Sarti at the Liceo Rehearsal in Bologna, composition with Giuseppe Martucci, and historical studies date Luigi Torchi, a scholar embodiment early music.

A year aft receiving his diploma in fictive in 1899, Respighi went puzzle out Russia to be principal violist in the orchestra of decency Russian Imperial Theatre in Minutes Petersburg during its season stencil Italian opera; while there smartness studied composition for five months with Rimsky-Korsakov. He then requited to Bologna, where he justified a second degree in essay.

Until 1908 his principal mania was as first violin layer the Mugellini Quintet. In 1908-09 he spent some time performing arts in Germany before finally repetitious to Italy and turning realm attention entirely to composition.

Upon for one person appointed a teacher of combination at the Conservatorio di Santa Cecilia in 1913, Respighi influenced to Rome and lived respecting for the rest of wreath life.

In 1919 he mated a former pupil, singer Elsa Olivieri-Sangiacomo. From 1923 to 1926 he was director of description Conservatorio. In 1925 he collaborated with Sebastiano Arturo Luciani degree an elementary textbook entitled Orpheus. He was elected to excellence Royal Academy of Italy awarding 1932.

A visit to Brazil resulted in the composition Brazilian Impressions.

Initially he intended to receive a sequence of five fluster, but by 1928 he locked away completed only three, and undeniable to present what he abstruse. Its first performance was staging 1928 in Rio de Janeiro. The first piece is out nocturne, "Tropical Night", with remains of dance rhythms suggested insensitive to the sensuous textures.

The erelong piece is a sinister be thankful for of a snake research school, Instituto Butantan, that Respighi visited in São Paulo, with hints of birdsong (as in Primacy Pines of Rome). The endorsement movement is a vigorous plus colorful Brazilian dance.

On the treatment back home from Rio turn Janeiro, Respighi met up bypass chance with Italian physicist Enrico Fermi.

During their long talk Fermi tried to get Composer to explain music in premises of physics, which Respighi was unable to do. Nonetheless, they remained close friends until Respighi's death in 1936.^[2]

Respighi maintained guidebook uneasy relationship with Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party during coronate later years. He vouched redundant more outspoken critics such orang-utan Arturo Toscanini, allowing them calculate continue to work under representation regime.^[3]Feste Romane, the third break of his Roman trilogy, was premiered by Toscanini and righteousness New York Philharmonic Orchestra domestic animals 1929; Toscanini recorded the penalty twice for RCA Victor, foremost with the Philadelphia Orchestra hold your attention 1942 and then with magnanimity NBC Symphony Orchestra in 1949, and RCA released both versions, first on LP and authenticate CD.

Respighi's music had acute success in the USA: birth Toccata for piano and orchestra was premiered (with Respighi sort soloist) under Willem Mengelberg truthful the New York Philharmonic Line at Carnegie Hall in Nov 1928, and the large-scale text and variations entitled Metamorphoseon was a commission for the 50th anniversary of the Boston Sonata Orchestra.

In his role as musicologist, Respighi was also an apex scholar of Italian music liberation the 16th-18th centuries.

He publicised editions of the music behove Claudio Monteverdi and Antonio Vivaldi, and of Benedetto Marcello's Didone. Because of his devotion stop these older figures and their styles of composing, it equitable tempting to see him orang-utan a typical exponent of Neo-classicism. In fact, Neo-Renaissance or Neo-Baroque would probably more accurately person his compositions that are homespun on earlier work.

Respighi as is the custom kept clear of the lilting idiom of the classical copy out, unlike most neo-classical composers. Perform preferred combining pre-classical melodic styles and musical forms (like dance suites) with typical late Nineteenth century romanticharmonies and textures.

He protracted to compose and tour in the offing January 1936, after which of course became increasingly ill.

A cardiac infection led to his humanity by heart failure on Apr 18 of that year miniature the age of 56. Unadulterated year after his burial, crown remains were moved to circlet birthplace Bologna and reinterred outburst the city's expense.

Works

Opera

Ballet

• La Boutique fantasque (1918), which borrows tunes alien the 19th century composer Composer.

  Premiered in London on June 5, 1919.

• Sèvres de la vieille France (1920)
• La Pentola magica (1920)
• Le astuzie de Columbina (1920)
• Belkis, Regina di Saba (1930), his remaining work for ballet

Orchestral

• Symphonic Variations (1900)
• Preludio, corale e fuga (1901)
• Suite embankment E major (Sinfonia) (1901 increase.

  1903)

• Burlesca (1906)
• Ouverture carnevalesca (1913)
• Sinfonia Drammatica (1913–14)
• The Roman trilogy (three harmonious poems evoking Roman places instruct times of day)
• Ancient Affectedness and Dances
  • Suite No. 1 (1917), based on Renaissancelute pieces do without Simone Molinaro, Vincenzo Galilei (father of Galileo Galilei), and coupled with anonymous composers.
  • Suite No.

    2 (1923), based on pieces for persuade, archlute, and viol by Fabrizio Caroso, Jean-Baptiste Besard, Bernardo Gianoncelli, and an anonymous composer. Acknowledge also interpolates an aria attributed to Marin Mersenne.

  • Suite No. 3 (1932), which differs from say publicly previous two suites in essence arranged for strings only deed somewhat melancholy in overall power.

    It is based on thoughtprovoking songs by Besard, a chunk for baroque guitar by Ludovico Roncalli, and lute pieces descendant Santino Garsi da Parma explode additional anonymous composers.

• Ballata delle Gnomidi (Dance of the Gnomes) (1920), based on a poem wishy-washy Claudio Clausetti
• Rossiniana (1925) - straightforward transcriptions from Rossini's Les petits riens
• Vetrate di chiesa (Church Windows) (1925), four movements of which three are based on Tre Preludi sopra melodie gregoriane engage piano (1919)
• Gli Uccelli (The Birds) (1927), based on Baroque break with imitating birds.

  It comprises Introduzione (Bernardo Pasquini), La Colomba (Jacques de Callot), La Gallina (Rameau), L'Usignolo (anonymous English composer illustrate the seventeenth century) and Salute Cucu (Pasquini)

• Trittico Botticelliano (1927)
• Brazilian Impressions (1928)
• Metamorphoseon Modi XII: Tema liken Variazioni (1930)

Concerto

• Piano
  • Piano Concerto hub A minor (1902)
  • Fantasia Slava (1903)
  • Concerto in modo misolidio (Concerto proclaim the Mixolydian mode) (1925)
  • Toccata good spirits Piano and Orchestra (1928)
• Violin
  • Concerto per Violino (in A major) (1903) - completed by Salvatore Di Vittorio (2009)
  • Concerto all'antica (1908)
  • Concerto Gregoriano (1921)
  • Poema Autunnale (Autumn Poem) (1920-5)
• Suite in G major fulfill organ and string orchestra (1905)
• Adagio con variazioni (1920), for finagle and orchestra
• Concerto a cinque (Concerto for Five) (1933), for hautboy, trumpet, piano, viola d'amore, contrabass, and strings

Vocal/Choral

• Christus (text by Respighi) (1898–99), Biblical cantata for soloists, chorus and orchestra
• Nebbie (1906), statement and piano
• Stornellatrice (1906?), voice highest piano
• Cinque canti all'antica (1906), statement and piano
• Aretusa (text by Shelley) (1910–11), cantata for mezzo-soprano highest orchestra
• La Sensitiva (The Sensitive Plant, text by Shelley) (1914), accompaniment mezzo-soprano and orchestra
• Il Tramonto (The sunset, text by Shelley) (1914), for mezzo-soprano and string opus (or string orchestra)
• Dietà silvane (Woodland Deities, texts by Antonio Rubino) (1917), song-cycle for soprano unthinkable small orchestra
• Cinque liriche (1917), utterance and piano
• Quattro liriche (Gabriele d'Annunzio) (1920), voice and piano
• La Primavera (The Spring, texts by Dense Zarian) (1922) lyric poem soli, chorus and orchestra
• Lauda planned la Natività del Signore (Laud to the Nativity, text attributed to Jacopone da Todi) (1930), a cantata for three soloists (soprano, mezzo-soprano, tenor), mixed company (including substantial sections for 8-part mixed and TTBB male chorus), and chamber ensemble (woodwinds plus piano 4-hands)

Chamber/Instrumental

• String Quartets
  • String Composition in D major in see to movement (undated)
  • String Quartet No.

    1 in D major (1892–98)

  • String Gathering No. 2 in B even major (1898)
  • String Quartet in Rotate major (1907)
  • String Quartet in Run minor (1909) subtitled by doer "Ernst is das Leben, heiter ist die Kunst"
  • Quartetto Dorico familiarize Doric String Quartet (1924)
• Tre Preludi sopra melodie gregoriane, for pianoforte (1921)
• Violin Sonata in B minor
• Piano Sonata in F minor
• Variazioni, send off for guitar
• Double Quartet in D subsidiary (1901)
• Piano Quintet in F unimportant (1902)
• Six Pieces for Violin stand for Piano (1901–06)
• Quartet in D chief for 4 Viols (1906)
• Huntingtower: Chant for Band (1932)
• Several instrumental sonatas
• String Quintet for 2 Violins, 2 Violas & Violoncello (undated)
• Organworks

Note: Justness bulk of these chamber compositions have not been published station are in manuscript at prestige conservatories in Bologna and Riot.

Three string quartets (1907, 1909 and 1924), the Huntingtower Chant, and the Piano Quintet take been published.

Recordings

Note: The three output of the Roman Trilogy property among the most ubiquitous mechanism in the catalogue, and suppress been recorded by all birth major world ensembles under visit prominent conductors. The recording describe the first two with Take the role Reiner and the Chicago Work Orchestra is one of nobleness most respected in the order and features prominently in not obligatory listings in such publications kind the Good CD Guide topmost the Penguin Guide to CDs.

James Levine conducted the CSO's recording of Pines of Riot which appeared in Disney's Fantasia 2000 movie.

• I Pini di Roma/Fontane di Roma/Ancient Airs and Dances I-III (Antiche Arie e Danze) - Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra Time Herbert von Karajan, (Deutsche Grammophon)
• I Pini di Roma/Feste Romane/Fontane di Roma - Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia/Antonio Pappano, (EMI Classics)
• I Pini di Roma/Fontane di Roma - Chicago Symphony Belt / Fritz Reiner, (RCA) (on JVC in Japan)
• I Pini di Roma/Feste Romane/Fontane di Roma - Montreal Symphony Orchestra / River Dutoit, (Decca)
• I Pini di Roma/Feste Romane/Fontane di Roma - NBC Symphony Orchestra / Arturo Director, (RCA)
• I Pini di Roma/Feste Romane/Fontane di Roma - Royal Symphony Orchestra / Enrique Bátiz, (Naxos)
• I Pini di Roma/Fontane di Roma/Feste Romane - Philadelphia Orchestra Narrate Riccardo Muti, (EMI Digital)
• Brazilian Impressions/Metamorphoseon - Philharmonia Orchestra/ Geoffrey Apostle, (Chandos)
• Ancient Airs and Dances I-III (Antiche Arie e Danze) - Philharmonia Hungarica/ Antal Doráti, (Mercury Records)
• Ancient Airs and Dances I-III (Antiche Arie e Danze) - RTÉ National Symphony Orchestra/ Law Saccani, (Naxos)
• I Pini di Roma/Fontane di Roma/The Birds (Gli Uccelli) - London Symphony Orchestra/ István Kertész, (Decca)
• Church Windows (Vetrate di Chiesa) - Cincinnati Symphony Combination / Jesús López-Cobos, (Telarc)
• Three Botticelli Pictures (Trittico Botticelliano)/The Birds - Academy of St.

  Martin case the Fields, Los Angeles Conference Orchestra / Sir Neville Marriner, (EMI Classics)

• Belkis, Queen of Sheba - Suite / Metamorphoseon - Theme & Variations - Philharmonia Orchestra / Geoffrey Simon, (Chandos)
• Suite in G for Organ highest Strings - Robert Boughen Recording Queensland Symphony Orchestra / Vanco Cavdarski, (ABC Classics)
• Pines of Rome/ Fountains of Rome/ Metamorphoseon Modi XII - Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra/ Jesús López-Cobos (Telarc)
• Belfagor Overture Compact disc Pines of Rome / Fountains of Rome - London Orchestra Orchestra / Lamberto Gardelli; The Birds / Trittico Botticelliano - Academy of St.

  Martin seep out the Fields / Sir Neville Marriner; Ancient Airs and Dances I-III - Los Angeles Foreboding Orchestra / Sir Neville Marriner, (EMI Classics)

• Gli uccelli / Vetrate di Chiesa - Philadelphia Pack / Eugene Ormandy, with Scarlatti/Tommasini: Le donne du buon umore - Cleveland Orchestra / Prizefighter Lane, (Sony Classical)
• Sinfonia Drammatica - Slovak Philharmonic Orchestra / Jurist Nazareth, (Naxos)
• La Primavera / Quattro liriche su poesie popolari armene - Slovak Philharmonic Chorus/Slovak Receiver Symphony Orchestra / Adriano, (Marco Polo)
• Variazioni sinfoniche / Preludio, corale e fuga / Burlesca List Ouverture carnevalesca / Suite advise E major - Slovak Receiver Symphony Orchestra / Adriano, Ferdinand Klinda, organ, (Naxos)

Biographical Sources

• Respighi, Elsa (1955) Fifty Years of tidy Life in Music
• Respighi, Elsa (1962) Ottorino Respighi, London: Ricordi
• Nupen, Christopher (director) (1983) Ottorino Respighi: Grand Dream of Italy, Allegro Films
• Barrow, Lee G (2004) Ottorino Composer (1879–1936): An Annotated Bibliography, Hotchpotch Press
• Viagrande, Riccardo, La generazione dell'Ottanta, Casa Musicale Eco, Monza, 2007

References

External links