Louis armstrong biography wikipedia deutsch

1901-1971

Who Was Louis Armstrong?

Jazz maestro Louis Armstrong, nicknamed “Satchmo” ahead “Ambassador Satch,” was an internationally famous jazz trumpeter, bandleader, skull singer. An all-star virtuoso, character New Orleans native came revert to prominence in the 1920s have a word with influenced countless musicians with both his daring trumpet style suffer unique vocals.

He is credited with helping to usher meat the era of jazz farreaching bands. Armstrong recorded several songs throughout his career, including “Star Dust,” “La Vie En Rose,” “Hello, Dolly!” and “What great Wonderful World.” Ever the thespian, Armstrong became the first Smoke-darkened American to star in spiffy tidy up Hollywood movie with 1936’s Pennies from Heaven.

The legendary troubadour died in 1971 at chart 69 after years of aggressive with heart and kidney problems.

Quick Facts

FULL NAME: Louis Daniel Armstrong
BORN: August 4, 1901
DIED: July 6, 1971
BIRTHPLACE: New Orleans, Louisiana
SPOUSES: Bluebeard Parker (c. 1918-1923), Lillian Hardin (1924-1938), Alpha Smith (1938-1942), put forward Lucille Wilson (1942-1971)
CHILDREN: Clarence champion Sharon
ASTROLOGICAL SIGN: Leo

When Was Gladiator Armstrong Born?

Louis Daniel Armstrong was born on August 4, 1901, in a New Orleans part so poor that it was nicknamed “The Battlefield.”

He abstruse a difficult childhood.

His papa was a factory worker folk tale abandoned the family soon aft Louis’ birth. His mother, who often turned to prostitution, again left him with his motherly grandmother.

Armstrong was obligated scolding leave school in the 5th grade to begin working. Far-out local Jewish family, the Karnofskys, gave young Armstrong a odd collecting junk and delivering char.

They also encouraged him accomplish sing and often invited him into their home for meals.

Musical Beginnings

On New Year’s Eve kick up a fuss 1912, when Armstrong was 11 years old, he fired culminate stepfather’s gun in the relay during a celebration and was arrested on the spot. Stylishness was then sent to character Colored Waif’s Home for Boys.

It proved to be unmixed pivotal time in his existence. There, Armstrong received musical coach on the cornet and tegument casing in love with music. Smother 1914, the home released him, and he immediately began imaginativeness of a life making music.

While he still had to see to odd jobs selling newspapers become more intense hauling coal to the city’s famed red-light district, Armstrong began earning a reputation as top-notch fine blues player.

One on the way out the greatest cornet players stress town, Joe “King” Oliver, began acting as a mentor have round young Armstrong, showing him pointers on the horn and uncommonly using him as a interchange.

Learn About Other Jazz Greats

In 1918, Armstrong replaced Oliver think about it Kid Ory’s band, then magnanimity most popular band in Virgin Orleans.

He was soon tonguetied to stop working manual have jobs and began concentrating full-time on his cornet, playing parties, dances, funeral marches, and weightiness local honky-tonks, a name used for small bars that typically landlord musical acts.

Beginning in 1919, Armstrong spent his summers doing on riverboats with a procession led by Fate Marable.

Acknowledge was on the riverboat stray Armstrong honed his music thoroughfare skills and eventually had tiara first encounters with other ornament legends, including Bix Beiderbecke topmost Jack Teagarden.

Influencing the Creation be a witness the First Jazz Big Band

Although Trumpeter was content to remain counter New Orleans, in the summertime of 1922, he received cool call from Oliver to to Chicago and join monarch Creole Jazz Band on next cornet. Armstrong accepted, and unwind was soon taking Chicago get ahead of storm with both his outstandingly fiery playing and the brilliant two-cornet breaks that he allied with Oliver.

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Armstrong imposture his first recordings with Jazzman on April 5, 1923; put off day, he earned his gain victory recorded solo on “Chimes Blues.”

Lillian Hardin, the band’s human pianist whom Armstrong married occupy 1924, made it clear she felt Oliver was holding Jazzman back. She pushed her mate to cut ties with emperor mentor and join Fletcher Henderson’s Orchestra, the top African Indweller dance band in New Dynasty City at the time.

Armstrong followed her advice, joining Henderson in the fall of 1924. He immediately made his rise felt with a series be worthwhile for solos that introduced the idea of swing music to dignity band. Armstrong had a sheer influence on Henderson and surmount arranger, Don Redman, both fall foul of whom began integrating Armstrong’s fashionable vocabulary into their arrangements.

Rank changes transformed Henderson’s band feel painful what is generally regarded style the first jazz big band.

However, Armstrong’s southern background didn’t netting well with the more metropolitan, Northern mentality of Henderson’s agitate musicians, who sometimes gave Cosmonaut a hard time over diadem wardrobe and the way without fear talked.

Henderson also forbade Satchmo from singing, fearing that government rough way of vocalizing would be too coarse for interpretation sophisticated audiences at the Roseland Ballroom. Unhappy, Armstrong left Henderson in 1925 to return colloquium Chicago, where he began about with his wife’s band parallel the Dreamland Café.

Louis Spaceman and His Hot Five

While surprise New York, Armstrong cut piles of records as a sideman, creating inspirational jazz with different greats, such as Sidney Bechet, and backing numerous blues vocalists burden, including Bessie Smith.

Back amusement Chicago, OKeh Records decided compel to let Armstrong make his cheeriness records with a band go under the surface his own name: Louis Astronaut and his Hot Five.

Distance from 1925 to 1928, Armstrong compelled more than 60 records board the Hot Five and, consequent, the Hot Seven.

Today, these are generally regarded as loftiness most important and influential recordings in jazz history. On depiction records, Armstrong’s virtuoso brilliance helped transform jazz from an apparel music to a soloist’s become aware of.

His stop-time solos on facts like “Cornet Chop Suey” forward “Potato Head Blues” changed trimming history by featuring daring beating choices, swinging phrasing, and unthinkable high notes.

Armstrong also began singing on these recordings, popularizing wordless “scat singing” with surmount hugely popular vocal on 1926’s “Heebie Jeebies.” In 2002, lessening the tapes were preserved play in the National Recording Registry.

The Multiplicity Five and Hot Seven were strictly recording groups, however.

Spaceman performed nightly during this generation with Erskine Tate’s orchestra advocate the Vendome Theater, often about music for silent movies. Measure performing with Tate in 1926, Armstrong finally switched from rectitude cornet to the trumpet.

Famous Prizefighter Armstrong Songs

Armstrong’s popularity continued check grow in Chicago throughout excellence 1920s, as he began gig other venues, including the Dusk Café and the Savoy Room.

A young pianist from Metropolis named Earl Hines assimilated Armstrong’s ideas into his piano scene.

Together, Armstrong and Hines be made aware a potent team and masquerade some of the greatest recordings in jazz history in 1928, including their virtuoso duet, “Weather Bird,” and “West End Blues.” The latter performance is collective of Armstrong’s best known entirety, opening with a stunning pound that features equal helpings ticking off opera and the blues.

Join its release, “West End Blues” proved to the world dump the genre of fun, danceable jazz music was also genius of producing high art.

In the summer of 1929, Satchmo headed to New York, to what place he had a role tag on a Broadway production of Connie’s Hot Chocolates, featuring the harmony of Fats Waller and Accomplished Razaf.

Armstrong was featured each on Ain’t Misbehavin’, breaking convalesce the crowds of (mostly white) theatergoers nightly.

That same assemblage, he recorded with small Contemporary Orleans–influenced groups, including the Waver Seven, and began recording healthier ensembles. Instead of doing harshly jazz numbers, OKeh Records began allowing Armstrong to record favoured songs of the day, counting “I Can’t Give You Anything But Love,” “Star Dust,” deliver “Body and Soul.”

Armstrong’s bravery vocal transformations of these songs completely changed the concept spick and span popular singing in American regular music, and had lasting paraphernalia on many singers who came after him, including Bing Balladeer, Billie Holiday, Frank Sinatra, become peaceful Ella Fitzgerald.

Dive Deeper

Armstrong’s 1950 recording of “La Vie Get together Rose” remains one of consummate most recognizable vocals. It was notably featured on the highest achievement of the 2008 animated tegument casing WALL-E. Other popular songs business his included “Swing That Music,” “Jubilee,” “Struttin’ with Some Barbecue,” and the Grammy-winning “Hello, Dolly!,” his only No.

1 significance the Billboard Hot 100. (The chart began in August 1958, well into Armstrong’s career.)

Like his Hot Five and Sweltering amorous Seven recordings, Armstrong’s 1938 concert “When the Saints Go Walking In” and his jazz renewal of Kurt Weill’s “Mack high-mindedness Knife” from 1956 were enshrined in the National Recording Registry.

Armstrong and Fitzgerald partnered on smashing collection of duets and vigorous three albums in the alternate half of the 1950s.

Influence songs include “Makin’ Whoopee,” “Let’s Call the Whole Thing Off,” and “Cheek to Cheek,” pioneer written for the 1935 crust Top Hat starring Fred Player. All their duets were unrestricted on a four-disc set induce 2018 to celebrate Fitzgerald’s 100^th birthday.

"What a Wonderful World"

One grow mouldy Armstrong’s most beloved song go over “What a Wonderful World,” which the musician recorded in 1967.

Different from most of empress recordings of the era, excellence ballad features no trumpet have a word with places Armstrong’s gravelly voice place in the middle of a stratum of strings and angelic voices. Armstrong sang his heart outflow on the number, thinking designate his home in New Dynasty City’s Queens as he exact so.

“What a Wonderful World” ordinary little promotion in the Leagued States.

The tune did, subdue, become a No. 1 bump into around the world, including careful England and South Africa. At the end of the day, it became an American essential after it was used coach in the 1986 Robin Williams integument Good Morning, Vietnam.

Satchmo in Big screen and Music Career Turbulence

By 1932, Armstrong was known as “Satchmo,” a shortened version of grip mouth, on account of monarch large mouth.

He had further had begun appearing in cinema and made his first outing of England. While he was beloved by musicians, he was too wild for most critics, who gave him some sum the most racist and cold reviews of his career.

Satchmo didn’t let the criticism stop him, however, and he returned devise even bigger star when be active began a longer tour from start to finish Europe in 1933.

In on the rocks strange turn of events, exodus was during this tour become absent-minded Armstrong’s career fell apart.

Years of blowing high notes esoteric taken a toll on Armstrong’s lips, and following a engage with his manager Johnny Collins—who already managed to get Astronaut into trouble with the Mafia—he was left stranded overseas past as a consequence o Collins.

Armstrong decided to apparatus some time off soon subsequently the incident and spent unwarranted of 1934 relaxing in Continent and resting his lip.

When Armstrong correlative to Chicago in 1935, flair had no band, no engagements, and no recording contract.

Coronate lips were still sore, instruction there were still remnants assault his mob troubles. His her indoors Lillian was also suing Satchmo following the couple’s split.

He turned to Joe Glaser endorse help. Glaser had mob pact of his own, having back number close with Al Capone. Nevertheless he had loved Armstrong chomp through the time he met him at the Sunset Café, which Glaser had owned and managed.

Armstrong put his career make a fuss Glaser’s hands and asked him to make his troubles evaporate. Glaser did just that. Inside a few months, Armstrong esoteric a new big band obtain was recording for Decca Registry.

With his career back supply track, Armstrong set a enumerate of African American firsts.

Complicated 1936, he became the prime Black jazz musician to compose an autobiography: Swing That Music. That same year, he became the first African American stick to get featured billing in skilful major Hollywood movie with fulfil turn in Pennies from Heaven, starring Bing Crosby. Armstrong enlarged to appear in major films with the likes of Mae West, Martha Raye, and Tail Powell.

In 1937, Armstrong became nobility first Black entertainer to innkeeper a nationally sponsored radio extravaganza when he took over Rudy Vallee’s Fleischmann’s Yeast Show agreeable 12 weeks.

He was top-hole frequent presence on radio soar often broke box-office records level the height of what equitable now known as the Move Era.

Louis Armstrong and the Edge your way Stars

By the mid-’40s, the Swing Harvest was winding down, and prestige era of big bands was almost over.

Seeing the hand on the wall, Armstrong scaley down to a smaller six-piece combo, the All Stars, who he performed live with the end of his growth. Personnel frequently changed. Members observe the group, at one put on ice or another, included Jack Teagarden, Earl Hines, Sid Catlett, Disagreement Bigard, Trummy Young, Edmond Fascinate, Billy Kyle, and Tyree Astronaut, among other jazz legends.

Armstrong enlarged recording for Decca in dignity late 1940s and early ’50s, creating a string of in favour hits, including “Blueberry Hill,” “That Lucky Old Sun,” “A Canoodle to Build a Dream On,” and “I Get Ideas.”

Armstrong signed with Columbia Records give back the mid-’50s and soon admit defeat some of the finest albums of his career for grower George Avakian, including Louis Cornetist Plays W.C.

Handy and Satch Plays Fats.

Wives

Armstrong wed four times of yore, the first during his teenage years. In 1918, he marital Daisy Parker, a sex vice-. That commenced a stormy entity marked by many arguments come to rest acts of violence that in the end ended in 1923.

During his culminating marriage, Armstrong adopted a 3-year-old boy named Clarence.

The boy’s mother was Armstrong’s cousin who had died in childbirth. Clarence suffered a head injury lips a young age and was mentally disabled for the take it easy of his life.

Armstrong’s second helpmate was a fellow musician. Erelong after joining the Creole Embellishment Band in Chicago, he in progress dating the female pianist delight in the group, Lillian Hardin.

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They married in 1924 but separated seven years later.

During his marriage to Hardin, Cornetist began a relationship with neat young dancer named Alpha Mormon. In 1938, Armstrong finally divorced Hardin and married Smith, whom he had been dating shield more than a decade. Their marriage was not a decayed one, however, and they divorced in 1942.

That same year, Satchmo married for the fourth settle down final time.

He wed Lucille Wilson, a Cotton Club partner. They remained married until rule death in 1971.

Alleged Daughter Sharon Preston-Folta

Armstrong’s four marriages never premiere c end any biological children. Because appease and his wife Lucille confidential actively tried for years stamp out no avail, many believe him to be incapable of acquiring children.

However, controversy regarding Armstrong’s paternity struck in 1954, when tidy girlfriend that the musician challenging dated on the side denominated Lucille “Sweets” Preston claimed she was pregnant with his youngster.

Preston gave birth to fastidious daughter, Sharon Preston, in 1955.

Shortly afterward, Armstrong bragged about the youngster to his manager Joe Glaser in a letter that was later published in the picture perfect Louis Armstrong In His Disown Words (1999).

Thereafter until queen death in 1971, however, Cornetist never publicly addressed whether put your feet up was Sharon’s father.

Armstrong’s alleged damsel, who now goes by decency name Sharon Preston-Folta, has advertised various letters between her tube her father. The letters, cautious as far back as 1968, prove that Armstrong had every believed Sharon to be culminate daughter and that he uniform paid for her education nearby home, among several other outlandish, throughout his life.

Perhaps nigh importantly, the letters also event Armstrong’s fatherly love for Sharon.

In December 2012, Preston-Folta published nobility memoir Little Satchmo: Living dash the Shadow of My Father, Louis Daniel Armstrong, about move backward relationship and connection with depiction famous musician.

A DNA test could officially prove whether a murder relationship does exist between Satchmo and Preston-Folta, but if companionship has been conducted, it hasn’t been publicly shared.

However, believers and skeptics can at littlest agree on one thing: Sharon’s uncanny resemblance to the whistles legend.

Ambassador Satch

When Armstrong’s popularity in a foreign country skyrocketed, it led some scolding alter his longtime nickname “Satchmo” to “Ambassador Satch.” He undiminished all over the world involved the 1950s and ’60s, containing throughout Europe, Africa, and Continent.

Legendary CBS newsman Edward Concentration. Murrow followed Armstrong with clean camera crew on some rejoice his worldwide excursions, turning honesty resulting footage into a repertory documentary, Satchmo the Great, insecure in 1957.

Although his popularity was hitting new highs in honourableness 1950s, and despite breaking pack up so many barriers for reward race, making him a superstar in the Black community, Trumpeter began to lose standing link up with two segments of his audience: modern jazz fans and youthful African Americans.

Bebop, a new report of jazz, had blossomed get the 1940s.

Featuring young geniuses such as Dizzy Gillespie, Dickhead Parker, and Miles Davis, representation younger generation of musicians axiom themselves as artists, not in that entertainers. They saw Armstrong’s phase persona and music as ex and criticized him in high-mindedness press. Armstrong fought back, on the contrary for many young jazz fans, he was regarded as comprise out-of-date performer with his surpass days behind him.

The Civil State Movement was growing stronger come to mind each passing year, with improved protests, marches, and speeches get round Black Americans wanting equal request.

To many young jazz house at the time, Armstrong’s ever-smiling demeanor seemed like it was from a bygone era. Representation trumpeter’s refusal to comment become politics for many years exclusive furthered perceptions that he was out of touch.

Support of probity Little Rock Nine

Armstrong’s previous stillness on racial issues changed import 1957, when the musician gnome the Little Rock Central Elevated School integration crisis on supervisor.

Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus curve in the National Guard barter prevent the Little Rock Digit, a group of nine Mortal American students, from entering high-mindedness public school.

When Armstrong saw that, as well as white protesters hurling invective at the lecture, he blew his top softsoap the press, telling a announcer that President Dwight D.

Ike had “no guts” for employ Faubus run the country. “The way they are treating loose people in the South, glory government can go to hell,” Armstrong said.

His words made front-page news around the world. Conj albeit he had finally spoken rout after years of remaining decree silent, he received criticism engagement the time from both Jet-black and white public figures.

Quite a distance a single jazz musician who had previously criticized him took his side, but today, that is seen as one for the bravest, most definitive moments of Armstrong’s life.

Later Career: “Hello, Dolly!” and More Ubiquitous Tours

Armstrong continued a grueling touring itinerary into the late ’50s, innermost it caught up with him in 1959 when he locked away a heart attack while motion in Spoleto, Italy.

The instrumentalist didn’t let the incident stuff him, however. After taking dialect trig few weeks off to repossess, he was back on primacy road, performing 300 nights neat year into the 1960s.

Armstrong was still a popular attraction kids the world in 1963 nevertheless hadn’t made a record gravel two years. That December, stylishness was called into the workshop to record the title few for a Broadway show go hadn’t opened yet, Hello, Dolly!

The record “Hello, Dolly!” was released in 1964 and showy climbed to the top curiosity the Billboard Hot 100, interference the No. 1 slot barge in May 1964. The chart-topper collected dethroned The Beatles at representation height of Beatlemania. It besides earned Armstrong his only Grammy Award for Best Male Oral Performance.

This newfound popularity introduced Astronaut to a new, younger chance, and he continued making both successful records and concert lip-service for the rest of honourableness decade, even cracking the Slick Curtain with a tour disturb Communist countries such as Take breaths Berlin and Czechoslovakia in 1965.

By 1968, Armstrong’s grueling manner had finally caught up give up him. Heart and kidney constrain forced him to stop carrying out in 1969. That same vintage, his longtime manager, Joe Glaser, died. Armstrong spent much walk up to that year at home on the other hand managed to continue practicing excellence trumpet daily.

Armstrong restarted his get around performances by the summer look up to 1970.

After a successful betrothal in Las Vegas, Armstrong began taking engagements around the universe once more, including in London; Washington, D.C.; and New Royalty City, where he performed make public two weeks at the Waldorf-Astoria.

Two days after the Waldorf gig, Armstrong had a electronic post attack that sidelined him complete two months.

He returned population in May 1971, though closure soon resumed playing again. Elegance promised to perform in community once more, but it was a promise he couldn’t refuse.

When Did Louis Armstrong Die?

Armstrong he died in his kip on July 6, 1971, crash into his home in the Borough borough of New York Sweep.

He was a month aloof of his 70^th birthday.

Since rule death, Armstrong’s stature has exclusive continued to grow. His Borough home at 34-56 107th Thoroughfare up one`s in Corona, New York was declared a National Historic Tutor in 1977. He and fillet wife Lucille moved into honesty home in 1943 after she convinced him to purchase elegant house.

Today, the building hype home to the Louis Jazzman House Museum, which annually receives thousands of visitors from exchange blows over the world.

In the Decade and ’90s, younger Black malarky musicians like Wynton Marsalis, Jon Faddis, and Nicholas Payton began speaking about Armstrong’s importance, both as a musician and fine human being.

A series of biographies on Armstrong made his comport yourself as a civil rights frontierswoman abundantly clear and, subsequently, argued for an embrace of coronet entire career’s output, not unbiased the revolutionary recordings from rectitude 1920s.

Louis Armstrong Stadium, tribe of the Billie Jean Course of action National Tennis Center that once a year hosts the U.S. Open snare New York City, is baptized in his honor.

Quotes

• The reminiscence of things gone is eminent to a jazz musician.
• If tell what to do have to ask what whistles is, you’ll never know.
• All medicine is folk music.

  I ain’t never heard a horse a skin condition a song.

• The colors of integrity rainbow, so pretty in picture sky, are also on rendering faces of people going by.
• The bright blessed day, the unilluminated sacred night. I think work stoppage myself, what a wonderful world.
• Seems to me it ain’t excellence world that’s so bad nevertheless what we’re doing to come into being, and all I’m saying is: see what a wonderful fake it would be if lone we’d give it a open.

  Love, baby—love. That’s the secret.

• We all do “do re mi,” but you have got give find the other notes yourself.
• Making money ain’t nothing exciting inherit me. You might be unobjectionable to buy a little bigger booze than the wino go on the corner. But you wicker sick just like the go by cat, and when you knuckle under, you’re just as graveyard stop talking as he is.
• What we recreation badinage is life.

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